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• Prepositional phrases
• Participial Phrase
• Gerund Phrase
• Infinitive Phrase
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1. Swimming in the ocean is fun.

An appositive is a word or phrase to clarify the main phrase. Restrictive is a must, while a non-restrictive can be omitted.

Articles

Kabar buruknya adalah bahwa penggunaan yang tepat mereka adalah kompleks, terutama ketika anda masuk ke dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris tingkat lanjut. Cukup sering Anda harus bekerja keluar dengan apa yang terdengar benar, yang bisa membuat frustasi bagi seorang pelajar.

A dan an adalah artikel terbatas. Mereka merujuk pada sesuatu yang tidak secara khusus diketahui orang yang Anda berkomunikasi dengan.
A dan an digunakan sebelum kata benda yang memperkenalkan sesuatu atau seseorang yang Anda belum disebutkan sebelumnya: -

Sebagai contoh:

"I saw an elephant this morning." "I ate a banana for lunch."

A dan an juga digunakan ketika berbicara tentang profesi Anda: -

Sebagai contoh:

"I am an English teacher." "I am a builder"

Catatan!

Anda menggunakan a ketika kata benda yang Anda maksud dimulai dengan konsonan (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w , x, y atau z), misalnya, "kota", "pabrik", dan "sebuah hotel".   Anda menggunakan an ketika kata benda saat Anda mengacu dimulai dengan vokal (a, e, i, o, u) Pengucapan perubahan aturan ini. Ini suara yang penting, bukan ejaan.

 Definisi artikel the

Anda menggunakan the ketika kita dan pendengan mengetahui pasti benda/sesuatu yang dibicarakan.

Sebagai contoh:

"The apple you ate was rotten." "Did you lock the car"

  

A / An: Pengganti untuk Satu atau apapun

• Ini adalah penggunaan yang paling umum dari artikel terbatas. Anda harus menggunakan atau sebelum kata benda yang dihitung tunggal yang terbatas. Misalnya, Anda mengatakan, "This morning I saw a dog" itu hanya salah satu anjing yang Anda kebetulan melihat.

A / An: Frekuensi atau Penjatahan

• Anda mengatakan, "The event costs $ 20 per person," atau "I visited my relatives twice a year." Menggunakan atau dengan cara ini menunjukkan frekuensi atau penjatahan.

A / An: Satu Satu

• Menggunakan atau dengan cara ini sedikit kuno, tetapi Anda masih dapat melihat dan mendengarnya digunakan. A atau dapat digunakan dalam kalimat negatif untuk menyatakan dengan tegas "satu". Misalnya, Anda mengatakan, "We are not a thing to eat," atau "Not a tree in sight."

The: Dikenal Hal

• Ini adalah penggunaan yang paling umum dari. Gunakan ketika berbicara tentang hal-hal yang pasti bahwa audiens Anda sudah tahu tentang atau yang jelas. Misalnya, Anda mengatakan, "I spilled my drink on the carpet." Gunakan karena Anda tidak menumpahkan minuman Anda hanya pada karpet apapun, itu adalah karpet tertentu di tempat tertentu yang audiens Anda tahu tentang.

The: Hal Sudah Disebutkan

• Gunakan untuk mengacu pada sesuatu yang Anda telah disebutkan. Misalnya, Anda mengatakan, "I saw a dog this morning," ketika Anda pertama kali menyebutkan anjing tapi kemudian Anda harus mengatakan, "The dog looked hungry." Setiap kali Anda mengacu pada anjing setelah ini, Anda harus menggunakan the.

The: Sesuatu Unik

• Gunakan untuk merujuk pada hal-hal yang unik. Misalnya, Anda mengatakan, "Aku melihat Ratu Inggris." Hanya ada satu Ratu Inggris. Jika Anda mengatakan, "Saya melihat seorang Ratu Inggris," Anda menyiratkan bahwa ada banyak Queens Inggris.

The: Superlatif

• Gunakan dengan superlatif. Misalnya, Anda mengatakan,  "Russia is the largest country in the world." Anda menggunakan untuk kedua contoh karena Anda berbicara tentang hal-hal tunggal, unik dan spesifik.
  

PART OF SENTENCE

Building a sentence
A sentence is a group of words which starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). A sentence contains or implies a predicate and a subject.
--Sentences contain clauses.
--Simple sentences have one clause.

Compound sentences and complex sentences have two or more clauses.
Sentences can contain subjects and objects.
The subject in a sentence is generally the person or thing carrying out an action. The object in a sentence is involved in an action but does not carry it out, the object comes after the verb.
For example:
The boy climbed a tree.
If you want to say more about the subject (the boy) or the object (the tree), you can add an adjective.
For example:
The young boy climbed a tall tree.
If you want to say more about how he climbed the tree you can use an adverb.
For example:
The young boy quickly climbed a tall tree.
The sentence becomes more interesting as it gives the reader or listener more information.
There are more things you can add to enrich your sentence.
Parts of a sentence    Description
Adjective    Describes things or people.
Adverb    Alters the meaning of the verb slightly
Article    a, an - indefinite articles
the - definite articles
Conjunction    Joins words or sentences together
Interjection    A short word showing emotion or feeling
Noun    Names things
Preposition    Relates one thing to another
Pronoun    used instead of a noun to avoid repetition
Proper noun (subject)    The actual names of people or places etc.
Verb    Action or doing word

What makes a complete sentence?
If it helps you, think about a sentence as if it were a skeleton, the skeleton contains various bones and these bones are put together to form different parts of the body. So are sentences formed by words, the words are the bones and they are put together in different ways to form sentences.
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains a single subject and predicate. It describes only one thing, idea or question, and has only one verb - it contains only an independent (main) clause.
Any independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
For example:
•    Jill reads.
Even the addition of adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases to a simple sentence does not change it into a complex sentence.
For example:
•    The brown dog with the red collar always barks loudly.
Even if you join several nouns with a conjunction, or several verbs with a conjunction, it remains a simple sentence.
For example:
•    The dog barked and growled loudly.

Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are made up of two or more simple sentences combined using a conjunction such as and, or or but. They are made up of more than one independent clause joined together with a co-ordinating conjunction.
For example:
"The sun was setting in the west and the moon was just rising."
Each clause can stand alone as a sentence.
For example:
"The sun was setting in the west. The moon was just rising."
Every clause is like a sentence with a subject and a verb. A coordinating conjunction goes in the middle of the sentence, it is the word that joins the two clauses together, the most common are (and, or, but)
For example:
•    I walked to the shops, but my husband drove.
•    I might watch the film, or I might visit my friends.
•    My friend enjoyed the film, but she didn't like the actor.
Complex Sentences
Complex sentences describe more than one thing or idea and have more than one verb in them. They are made up of more than one clause, an independent clause (that can stand by itself) and a dependent (subordinate) clause (which cannot stand by itself).
For example:
"My mother likes dogs that don't bark."
Dependent clauses can be nominal, adverbial or adjectival.

The anatomy of a sentence
The Verb
The verb is the fundamental part of the sentence. The rest of the sentence, with the exception of the subject, depends very much on the verb. It is important to have a good knowledge of the forms used after each verb (verb patterns), for example: to tell [someone] TO DO [something]
Here we can see that the verb to tell is followed immediately by a person (the indirect object, explained later), an infinitive with 'to', and, possibly, an object for the verb you substitute for DO.
Verbs also show a state of being. Such verbs, called BE VERBS or LINKING VERBS, include words such as: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being, became, seem, appear, and sometimes verbs of the senses like tastes, feels, looks, hears, and smells.
For example:
•    "Beer and wine are my favourite drinks." The verb "are" is a linking (be) verb.
Fortunately, there are only a limited number of different verb patterns. Verbs can descibe the action (something the subject actually does) or state (something that is true of the subject) of the subject.
For example:
•    ACTION: I play football twice a week.
•    STATE: I've got a car.
Some verbs can represent both actions and states, depending on the context.
For example work:
•    ACTION: David's working in the bank.
•    STATE: David works in a bank.

Finding the Verb
When you analyze a sentence, first identify the verb. The verb names and asserts the action or state of the sentence.
For example:
•    "Working at the computer all day made David's head ache."
The main verb of the sentence is "made", not working.
Verbs identify our activity or state.
For example:
•    eat, sleep, run, jump, study, think, digest, shout, walk ....

The Subject
The subject is the person or thing the sentence is 'about'. Often (but not always) it will be the first part of the sentence. The subject will usually be a noun phrase (a noun and the words, such as adjectives, that modify it) followed by a verb.
Finding the Subject
Once you determine the verb, ask a wh...? question of the verb. This will locate the subject(s).
For example:
•    David works hard.
o    Who "works hard"?=David does=the subject.
•    Beer and wine are my favourite drinks.
o    What "are my favourite drinks"? Beer and wine are=the subjects.
The subject(s) of a sentence will answer the questions, "who or what."

The Predicate
Once you have identified the subject, the remainder of the sentence tells us what the subject does or did. This part of the sentence is the predicate of the sentence.
The predicate always includes the verb and the words which come after the verb. For example:
•    Michael Schumaker drove the race car.
o    "Michael Schumaker" is the subject; "drove the race car" is the predicate.

More Advanced Terminology
The Object
Some verbs have an object (always a noun or pronoun). The object is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb.
Objects come in two types, direct and indirect.
The direct object refers to a person or thing affected by the action of the verb.
For example:
•    "He opened the door. "- here the door is the direct object as it is the thing being affected by the verb to open.
The indirect object refers to a person or thing who receives the direct object.
For example:
•    " I gave him the book." - here him (he)is the indirect object as he is the beneficiary of the action.

Transitive / Intransitive verbs
Verbs which don't have an object are called intransitive. Some verbs can only be intransitive (disagree). In addition they cannot be used in the Passive Voice e.g. smile, fall, come, go.
For example:
•  David disagreed. - intransitive.
Verbs that have an object are called transitive verbs e.g. eat, drive, give.
For example:
•    David gave her a present.
Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive e.g. sing
For example:
•    Afgan sings. - intransitive.
•    Afgan sings pop songs. - transitive.

Adverbials
An 'adverbial' or 'adverbial phrase' is a word or expression in the sentence that does the same job as an adverb; that is, it tells you something about how the action in the verb was done.
For example:
•    I sometimes have trouble with adverbs.
•    He spoke very quietly.
•    I've read that book three times.
•    She's gone to the bank.
The first tells us the frequency of the action (sometimes), the second how he carried out the action (quietly), and the third how many times the action has happened (three).
The fourth is a little different, as in this case the adverbial (gone to the bank) is more or less demanded by the verb (has).
To remember the form of such verbs use your notebooks to write down the different forms.
For example:
•    to go [somewhere]
•    to put [something][somewhere]
This information is also useful when deciding the order of adverbials in a sentence. Unlike the previous parts of the sentence, a sentence can contain an indefinite number of adverbials, although in practice it's a good idea to keep them few in number.

Complement
A complement is used with verbs like be, seem, look etc. Complements give more information about the subject or, in some structures, about the object.
There are various definitions of 'complement', which range from the very general (anything in the predicate except the verb, including the direct object and adverbs) to the much more restrictive one used here.
A complement is the part of the sentence that gives you more information about the subject (a subject complement) or the object (an object complement) of the sentence.
The complement to be used, if any, is dependent on the verb used in the sentence. Subject complements normally follow certain verbs.
For example:
•    He is Spanish.
•    She became an engineer.
•    That man looks like John.
Object complements follow the direct object of the verb-
For example.
•    They painted the house red.
•    She called him an idiot!
•    I saw her standing there.
The complement often consists of an adjective or noun phrase, but can also be a participle phrase, as in the last example. It is often not very clear whether a phrase is a complement or an adverbial.


The Parts of the Sentence
The parts of the sentence are a set of terms for describing how people construct sentences from smaller pieces. There is not a direct correspondence between the parts of the sentence and the parts of speech -- the subject of a sentence, for example, could be a noun, a pronoun, or even an entire phrase or clause. Like the parts of speech, however, the parts of the sentence form part of the basic vocabulary of grammar, and it is important that you take some time to learn and understand them.
Written by Frances Peck
Subject and Predicate
Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about, while the predicate tells something about the subject. In the following sentences, the predicate is enclosed in braces ({}), while the subject is highlighted.
Judy {runs}.
Judy and her dog {run on the beach every morning}.
To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing "who?" or "what?" before it -- the answer is the subject.
The audience littered the theatre floor with torn wrappings and spilled popcorn.
The verb in the above sentence is "littered." Who or what littered? The audience did. "The audience" is the subject of the sentence. The predicate (which always includes the verb) goes on to relate something about the subject: what about the audience? It "littered the theatre floor with torn wrappings and spilled popcorn."
Unusual Sentences
Imperative sentences (sentences that give a command or an order) differ from conventional sentences in that their subject, which is always "you," is understood rather than expressed.
Stand on your head. ("You" is understood before "stand.")
Be careful with sentences that begin with "there" plus a form of the verb "to be." In such sentences, "there" is not the subject; it merely signals that the true subject will soon follow.
There were three stray kittens cowering under our porch steps this morning.
If you ask who? or what? before the verb ("were cowering"), the answer is "three stray kittens," the correct subject.
Simple Subject and Simple Predicate
Every subject is built around one noun or pronoun (or more) that, when stripped of all the words that modify it, is known as the simple subject. Consider the following example:
A piece of pepperoni pizza would satisfy his hunger.
The subject is built around the noun "piece," with the other words of the subject -- "a" and "of pepperoni pizza" -- modifying the noun. "Piece" is the simple subject.
Likewise, a predicate has at its centre a simple predicate, which is always the verb or verbs that link up with the subject. In the example we just considered, the simple predicate is "would satisfy" -- in other words, the verb of the sentence.
A sentence may have a compound subject -- a simple subject consisting of more than one noun or pronoun -- as in these examples:
Team pennants, rock posters and family photographs covered the boy's bedroom walls.
Her uncle and she walked slowly through the Inuit art gallery and admired the powerful sculptures exhibited there.
The second sentence above features a compound predicate, a predicate that includes more than one verb pertaining to the same subject (in this case, "walked" and "admired").

Written by Frances Peck
The Parts of Speech
Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word's part of speech can change from one sentence to the next, and following them is a series of sections on the individual parts of speech, followed by an exercise.
Books are made of ink, paper, and glue.
In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.
Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.
Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."
We walk down the street.
In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we."
The mail carrier stood on the walk.
In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.
The town decided to build a new jail.
Here "jail" is a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase "to build."
The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us.
Here "jail" is part of the compound verb "would jail."
They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night.
In this sentence, "cries" is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb "heard."
The baby cries all night long and all day long.
But here "cries" is a verb that describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby.
The next few sections explain each of the parts of speech in detail. When you have finished, you might want to test yourself by trying the exercise.
Written by Heather MacFadyen
Objects and Complements
Objects
A verb may be followed by an object that completes the verb's meaning. Two kinds of objects follow verbs: direct objects and indirect objects. To determine if a verb has a direct object, isolate the verb and make it into a question by placing "whom?" or "what?" after it. The answer, if there is one, is the direct object:
Direct Object
The advertising executive drove a flashy red Porsche.
Direct Object
Her secret admirer gave her a bouquet of flowers.
The second sentence above also contains an indirect object. An indirect object (which, like a direct object, is always a noun or pronoun) is, in a sense, the recipient of the direct object. To determine if a verb has an indirect object, isolate the verb and ask to whom?, to what?, for whom?, or for what? after it. The answer is the indirect object.
Not all verbs are followed by objects. Consider the verbs in the following sentences:
The guest speaker rose from her chair to protest.
After work, Randy usually jogs around the canal.
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Verbs that take objects are known as transitive verbs. Verbs not followed by objects are called intransitive verbs.
Some verbs can be either transitive verbs or intransitive verbs, depending on the context:
Direct Object
I hope the Senators win the next game.
No Direct Object
Did we win?
Subject Complements
In addition to the transitive verb and the intransitive verb, there is a third kind of verb called a linking verb. The word (or phrase) which follows a linking verb is called not an object, but a subject complement.
The most common linking verb is "be." Other linking verbs are "become," "seem," "appear," "feel," "grow," "look," "smell," "taste," and "sound," among others. Note that some of these are sometimes linking verbs, sometimes transitive verbs, or sometimes intransitive verbs, depending on how you use them:
Linking verb with subject complement
He was a radiologist before he became a full-time yoga instructor.
Linking verb with subject complement
Your homemade chili smells delicious.
Transitive verb with direct object
I can't smell anything with this terrible cold.
Intransitive verb with no object
The interior of the beautiful new Buick smells strongly of fish.
Note that a subject complement can be either a noun ("radiologist", "instructor") or an adjective ("delicious").
Object Complements
(by David Megginson)
An object complement is similar to a subject complement, except that (obviously) it modifies an object rather than a subject. Consider this example of a subject complement:
The driver seems tired.
In this case, as explained above, the adjective "tired" modifies the noun "driver," which is the subject of the sentence.
Sometimes, however, the noun will be the object, as in the following example:
I consider the driver tired.
In this case, the noun "driver" is the direct object of the verb "consider," but the adjective "tired" is still acting as its complement.
In general, verbs which have to do with perceiving, judging, or changing something can cause their direct objects to take an object complement:
Paint it black.
The judge ruled her out of order.
I saw the Prime Minister sleeping.
In every case, you could reconstruct the last part of the sentence into a sentence of its own using a subject complement: "it is black," "she is out of order," "the Prime Minister is sleeping."


Written by Frances Peck
Review: the Subject
Try to determine the simple subject (disregarding any modifiers) in the following sentences, then check your answer to see if it was correct.
1.    His terror of spiders kept him out of the dark basement.
Answer:
"Terror" is the simple subject because it answers the question "what?" before the verb "kept." "Of spiders" and "his" are simply modifying the simple subject "terror."

2.    There will be three concerts in the arts centre tonight.
Answer:
"Concerts" is the simple subject because it answers the question "what?" before the verb "will be." Remember that "there" is merely signalling that the true subject will follow.

3.    Would you willingly exchange half your intelligence for one million dollars?
Answer:
"You" is the simple subject because it answers the question "who?" before the verb "would exchange."
4.    Despite the storm's destructiveness, the ship, with its crew of amateurs, might have survived in more experienced hands.
Answer:
"Ship" is the simple subject because it answers the question "what?" before the verb "might have survived." "With its crew of amateurs" is modifying the simple subject "ship."
5.    After the movie, Emma and her brother bought a birthday present for their mother.
Answer:
"Emma, brother" is the simple subject because it answers the question "who?" before the verb "bought." This sentence has a compound subject.
Written by Frances Peck
Review: the Predicate
Now, using the same sentences, identify the predicate.
1.    His terror of spiders kept him out of the dark basement.
Answer:
"Kept him out of the dark basement" is the predicate because it contains the verb "kept" and it tells us something about the subject, "his terror of spiders."
2.    There will be three concerts in the arts centre tonight.
Answer:
"There will be...in the arts centre tonight" is the predicate because it contains the verb "will be" and it tells us something about the subject, "three concerts."
3.    Would you willingly exchange half your intelligence for one million dollars?
Answer:
"Would ... willingly exchange half your intelligence for one million dollars" is the predicate because it contains the verb "would exchange" and it tells us something about the subject, "you."

4.    Despite the storm's destructiveness, the ship, with its crew of amateurs, might have survived in more experienced hands.
Answer:
"Despite the storm's destructiveness,...might have survived in more experienced hands" is the predicate because it contains the verb "might have survived" and it tells us something about the subject, "the ship, with its crew of amateurs."
5.    After the movie, Emma and her brother bought a birthday present for their mother.
Answer:
"After the movie,...bought a birthday present for their mother" is the predicate because it contains the verb "bought" and it tells us something about the subject, "Emma and her brother."

Singular	Plural
I	We
He, She, It	They
You

v  Perbedaan antara Who’s dan Whose
Who’s merupakan singkatan dari Who is e.g.: Who’s the funniest cartoonist?        Who’s the creator of Donald Duck?	Whose menunjukkan kepemilikan atau kepunyaan. Whose digunakan sebagai possessive adjective dan menerangkan Noun. e.g.: Whose book is this?
v  Perbedaan antara It’s dan Its
It’s merupakan singkatan dari it is e.g.: It’s a fine career	Its menunjukkan kepemilikan, dan juga digunakan sebagai possessive adjective. e.g.: Its licence was unusual.
v  Perbedaan antara Good dan Well
Good merupakan adjective yang berarti mahir, kekaguman, atau menunjukkan kualitas yang bagus. Good menjelaskan noun dan memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan “What kind of”. e.g.: That singer is good.         His good shoes are expensive.	Well merupakan adverb menyatakan bagaimana sesuatu dikerjakan. Well biasanya menerangkan Verb. e.g.: They sing hymns well.        Rayhan does his job well.
v  Perbedaan antara Almost dan Most
Almost merupakan adverb yang berarti hampir (nearly) e.g.: Rayhan almost won the race.        They almost did something bad.	Most merupakan adjective yang berarti jumlah dan kualitas terbesar. e.g.: Rayhan is the most handsome boy in the        class.
v  Perbedaan antara Beside dan Besides
Beside berarti hampir atau tepat di samping sesuatu. e.g.: She placed the paper beside the machine.	Besides berarti untuk tambahan (extra) e.g.: Besides a cat and dog, he had rabbits and                       pigeons.
v  Perbedaan antara In dan Into
In merupakan kata depan (preposition) yang berarti di dalam sebuah tempat, yang mana kita telah berada di sana. e.g.: They sat in the arena.	Into merupakan kata depan (preposition) namun berarti bergerak atau berpindah dari luar ke dalam. e.g.: The divers are walking into the stadium.
v  Perbedaan antara Real dan Very
Real merupakan adjective yang berarti asli (genuine). Real mererangkan Noun. e.g.: The real diamond was stolen	Very merupakan asverb yang berarti sangat atau sekali (extremely). Very menerangkan adjective. e.g.: The musician is a very talent teacher.
v  Perbedaan antara Between dan Among
Between digunakan ketika menghubungkan antara dua orang atau benda. e.g.: Rayhan came between Nenden and Tia.        Between him and me there is a friendship.	Among digunakan ketika menghubungkan orang atau benda yang lebih dari dua. e.g.: The doctor went among the poor, the          rich, and the middle class of our town.
v  Perbedaan antara Then dan Than
Then merupakan adverb yang berarti pada saat ini atau yang akan datang e.g.: I was still unmarried then.       Do you plan to go then or now.	Than merupakan kata hubung (conjunction) yang menunjukkan sebuah perbandingan  dari dua hal atau lebih. e.g.: She sings higher than you.
v  Perbedaan antara Their dan There
Their menunjukkan kepemilikan, dan biasanya digunakan sebagai possessive adjective. e.g.: Their shoes are polished.	There merupakan adverb, dan digunakan sebagai subject. e.g.: There are our new neighbours.

Simple Present	Am, is, are			V3
Simple Past	Was, were			V3
Present Perfect	Have, has		been	V3
Past Perfect	Had		been	V3
Simple Future	Will/Shall		Be	V3
Present Perfect Future	Will/Shall	Have	Been	V3
Present Continuous	Is, am, are		being	V3
Past Continuous	Was, were		being	V3
Present Perfect Continuous	Have/has	been	being	V3
Past Perfect Continuous	had	been	being	V3
Future Continuous	Will/Shall	be	being	V3
Future Perfect Continuous	Will/Shall + have	been	being	V3
To be going to	Am, is, are, was, were	going to	be	V3
Modals	Can, could, may, might, must	be		V3

No	Tenses	Active sentence	Passive sentence
1.	Simple Present	The government builds many houses every year.	Many houses are built by the government every year.
2.	Present Continuous	My house keeper is cleaning my bathroom.	My bathroom is being cleaned by my house keeper.
3.	Present Perfect	They have understood the explanation.	The explanation has been understood by them.

4.	Present Perfect Continuous	She has been reading a novel for a week	A novel has been being read by her for a week.
5.	Simple Past	I sent the letter two days ago.	The letter was sent two days ago.
6.	Past Continuous	I was writing a letter	A letter was being wriiten by me.
7.	Past Perfect	They had finished the work when I arrived	The work had been finished by them when I arrived.
8.	Past Perfect Continuous	I had been reading the novel when he came.	The novel had been being read by me when he came.
9.	Simple Future	They will finish the assignment in two weeks.	The assignment will be finished by them in two weeks.
10.	Future Continuous	I will be doing the work at this time tomorrow.	The work will be being done by me at this time tomorrow.
11.	Future Perfect	I will have finished this article in two weeks.	This article will have been finished in two weeks.
12.	Future Perfect Continuous	I will have been repairing this car for two months next week.	This car will have been being repaired by me for two months netx week.
13.	To be going to	I am going to post the letter tomorrow.	The letter is going to be posted tomorrow.
14.	Modals	They can finish the work in two weeks.	The work can be finished by them in two weeks.

No	Bentukan Passive	Example
1.	Bentuk passive dengan to infinitive Assume, believe, claim, consider, know, report, say, think, understand.	- The problem is assumed to have been solved. - I don’t expect to be invited to his party.
No	Bentukan Passive		Example
2.	Passive gerund (being + V3)		I appreciated being invited to your house.
3.	Past Infinitive (To have + V3)		The rain seems to have stopped.
4.	Past-Passive Invinitive (to have + been + V3)		George is fortune to have been given a scholarship.
5.	Past gerund (having + V3)		I appreciate having the opportunity to meet Queen Elizabeth.
6.	Past-Passive gerund (Having been + V3)		I appreciate having been told the news.

            Pada kalimat di atas, past participle menerangkan bagaimana perasaan seseorang, dan present participle menerangkan penyebab dari perasaan tersebut.